We can define a political party as “Where a group of persons seeks to acquire political power by collective action, and by constitutional means, the political party comes into being.” From the definition, it is clear that the constitutional method is essential to the formation of a political party. If there is no constitutional method, then there will be chaos and we will be in primitive times. In a more formal way, Lord Bryce has defined a political party as, “As organized bodies with voluntary membership, their concentrated energy being employed in the pursuit of political power.” This shows that a political party requires voluntary membership. If there is a forced membership to any political party then there is a more chance that the political party will ultimately collapse. Similarly, every political party wants to acquire political power.
Besides this, a political party has five essential elements. These are; membership, principles, program, leadership, and government. The explanation of these is given in the video, ua-cam.com/video/Wa7WAcG14yc/v-deo.html
If we look into the history of political parties, then we have evidence from England that the first two political parties were Tory Party and Whig Party. Both these political parties had their origin in England during the civil war. The Tory Party supported the royal authority and favored monarchy. On the other hand, the Whig Party favored the authority of Parliament. In the end, the 1688 revolution brought the Parliament as a major lawmaking authority in England. Similarly, the first kind of political party was the Brokerage type. It has small participation consisting of landlords and industrialists. The second type of party was the of cadre party. It consisted of those persons who looked for the national interest of the country. And the third type of party was the mass political party because they were open to the public membership.
If we see the kinds of political parties, the first type of political party is the Reactionary Party. The reactionary party is founded in those countries which were glorious in the past and now they want to become glorious again. For example, the Bhartiya Janta Party in India and Fascist Party in Italy are the best examples of this. The second type of political party is the Conservative Party. This sort of party exists in those countries which are glorious in the current time. This party wants the status quo and does not want to bring too many changes to the existing setup. The third kind of political party is the Liberal, Moderate, or Progressive Party. This party advocates social change, progress, and freedom. Lastly, there is the Radical or Revolutionary party. This party wants to turn things in one night. The advocate of this party stands for radical changes. The communist party is the best example of this.
0:00 Introduction
0:38 Definition of Political Party
3:23 Elements of Political Party
5:05 History of Political Party
9:11 Kinds of Political Parties
13:01 Theories Regarding Origin of Political Parties
15:50 End
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